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Government of Romania

Public finances: deficit, debt and EU money

How much the Romanian state took in and spent each year, how large the deficit and the debt were, how much Romania paid into the European Union's budget and how much it received from it. The figures are Eurostat's and the European Commission's.

What the figures measure

The state here means general government as a whole (the state budget, the local budgets and the social security and health insurance funds), as Eurostat measures it under the European accounting rules; that is why the figures differ from the Ministry of Finance's cash budget execution. The deficit is the gap between revenue and expenditure; a negative value means a deficit. The figures of the latest years are first estimates and can be revised.

EU money appears in two tables because it is measured in two ways: the European Commission counts what the EU budget spent in Romania (including payments straight to farmers and other beneficiaries) and what Romania owed the EU budget, in euro; the government accounts count only what passes through the state's books, in lei.

The latest year's figures

The 2025 deficit
−7.9%
of GDP · −151 bn lei
Public debt, 2025
59.3%
of GDP · 1,137 bn lei
Government expenditure, 2025
830 bn lei
Revenue: 679 bn lei
EU money, 2025
received 8.8 bn euro
paid 3.3 bn euro · difference 5.6 bn euro

Revenue, expenditure, deficit and debt, by year

General government, from Eurostat, as a percent of GDP so that the years can be compared. The deficit is negative.

The deficit (balance), % of GDP

−10%−7.5%−5%−2.5%0%1995199719992001200320052007200920112013201520172019202120232025

Public debt, % of GDP

0%20%40%60%199519971999200120032005200720092011201320152017201920212023202559.3%

Revenue and expenditure, % of GDP

RevenueExpenditure
25%30%35%40%45%199519971999200120032005200720092011201320152017201920212023202535.4%43.3%

The gap between the two lines is the deficit: expenditure above revenue.

The table by year (31)
Public finances by year
YearRevenueExpenditureBalanceBalance, % of GDPSize of the deficitDebt, % of GDP
2025679 bn lei35.4% of GDP830 bn lei43.3% of GDP−151 bn lei−7.9%59.3%
2024599 bn lei34.0% of GDP761 bn lei43.3% of GDP−163 bn lei−9.3%54.8%
2023549 bn lei34.5% of GDP654 bn lei41.1% of GDP−105 bn lei−6.6%49.3%
2022476 bn lei34.4% of GDP567 bn lei40.9% of GDP−90.2 bn lei−6.5%48.1%
2021389 bn lei32.8% of GDP474 bn lei40.0% of GDP−85.2 bn lei−7.2%48.6%
2020345 bn lei32.4% of GDP444 bn lei41.7% of GDP−98.5 bn lei−9.3%46.9%
2019338 bn lei31.9% of GDP385 bn lei36.3% of GDP−46.1 bn lei−4.4%35.2%
2018303 bn lei31.7% of GDP329 bn lei34.6% of GDP−26.9 bn lei−2.8%34.6%
2017264 bn lei31.0% of GDP286 bn lei33.6% of GDP−21.4 bn lei−2.5%35.3%
2016243 bn lei32.3% of GDP262 bn lei34.8% of GDP−18.9 bn lei−2.5%37.8%
2015252 bn lei35.4% of GDP256 bn lei35.9% of GDP−3.7 bn lei−0.5%37.7%
2014230 bn lei34.4% of GDP238 bn lei35.6% of GDP−7.9 bn lei−1.2%39.1%
2013212 bn lei33.5% of GDP226 bn lei35.8% of GDP−14.3 bn lei−2.3%37.8%
2012200 bn lei32.3% of GDP224 bn lei36.1% of GDP−23.7 bn lei−3.8%35.4%
2011190 bn lei32.4% of GDP223 bn lei37.9% of GDP−32.6 bn lei−5.6%32.3%
2010174 bn lei32.2% of GDP213 bn lei39.4% of GDP−38.4 bn lei−7.1%29.0%
2009160 bn lei30.2% of GDP211 bn lei39.7% of GDP−50.5 bn lei−9.5%21.8%
2008174 bn lei32.3% of GDP204 bn lei37.7% of GDP−29.2 bn lei−5.4%12.3%
2007148 bn lei34.7% of GDP160 bn lei37.5% of GDP−11.8 bn lei−2.8%11.9%
2006115 bn lei33.5% of GDP122 bn lei35.6% of GDP−7.3 bn lei−2.1%12.4%
200593.8 bn lei32.7% of GDP96.1 bn lei33.5% of GDP−2.3 bn lei−0.8%15.9%
200480.1 bn lei32.7% of GDP82.7 bn lei33.8% of GDP−2.7 bn lei−1.1%18.9%
200363.1 bn lei32.9% of GDP65.9 bn lei34.3% of GDP−2.7 bn lei−1.4%22.1%
200250.2 bn lei33.0% of GDP53.1 bn lei34.9% of GDP−2.9 bn lei−1.9%24.8%
200138.6 bn lei32.9% of GDP42.7 bn lei36.3% of GDP−4.1 bn lei−3.5%25.9%
200027.4 bn lei33.9% of GDP31.2 bn lei38.5% of GDP−3.7 bn lei−4.6%22.5%
199919.2 bn lei34.8% of GDP21.6 bn lei39.3% of GDP−2.4 bn lei−4.4%21.7%
199812.0 bn lei32.4% of GDP13.2 bn lei35.6% of GDP−1.2 bn lei−3.2%16.8%
19977.7 bn lei30.2% of GDP8.8 bn lei34.6% of GDP−1.1 bn lei−4.4%15.1%
19963.4 bn lei29.6% of GDP3.8 bn lei33.2% of GDP−406 m lei−3.6%10.6%
19952.5 bn lei32.3% of GDP2.6 bn lei34.3% of GDP−152 m lei−2.0%6.6%

What Romania received from and paid into the EU budget

From the European Commission's table, in euro, from 2007. "Received" is what the EU budget spent in Romania (from 2021 including NextGenerationEU grants); "paid" is what Romania owed the EU budget; the "difference" is received minus paid, as a percent of Romania's gross national income.

ReceivedPaid
0 bn5 bn10 bn15 bn2007200920112013201520172019202120232025
The table by year (19)
Money between Romania and the EU budget by year
YearReceivedof which NextGenerationEUPaidDifference% of GNISize of the difference
20258.8 bn euro2.4% of GNI132 m euro3.3 bn euro0.9% of GNI5.6 bn euro+1.5%
20246.3 bn euro1.8% of GNI1.0 bn euro3.0 bn euro0.9% of GNI3.3 bn euro+0.9%
202311.4 bn euro3.6% of GNI2.7 bn euro2.8 bn euro0.9% of GNI8.6 bn euro+2.7%
202210.9 bn euro3.9% of GNI2.7 bn euro2.6 bn euro1.0% of GNI8.2 bn euro+3.0%
20218.6 bn euro3.6% of GNI2.0 bn euro2.7 bn euro1.1% of GNI5.9 bn euro+2.5%
20207.0 bn euro3.2% of GNI–2.2 bn euro1.0% of GNI4.7 bn euro+2.2%
20195.1 bn euro2.3% of GNI–1.9 bn euro0.9% of GNI3.2 bn euro+1.5%
20184.9 bn euro2.4% of GNI–1.8 bn euro0.9% of GNI3.0 bn euro+1.5%
20174.7 bn euro2.6% of GNI–1.4 bn euro0.8% of GNI3.4 bn euro+1.8%
20167.4 bn euro4.5% of GNI–1.6 bn euro1.0% of GNI5.8 bn euro+3.5%
20156.5 bn euro4.2% of GNI–1.4 bn euro0.9% of GNI5.1 bn euro+3.2%
20145.9 bn euro4.1% of GNI–1.5 bn euro1.0% of GNI4.5 bn euro+3.1%
20135.6 bn euro4.0% of GNI–1.5 bn euro1.0% of GNI4.1 bn euro+2.9%
20123.4 bn euro2.6% of GNI–1.5 bn euro1.1% of GNI2.0 bn euro+1.5%
20112.7 bn euro2.0% of GNI–1.2 bn euro0.9% of GNI1.4 bn euro+1.1%
20102.3 bn euro1.9% of GNI–1.1 bn euro0.9% of GNI1.2 bn euro+0.9%
20093.0 bn euro2.5% of GNI–1.3 bn euro1.1% of GNI1.6 bn euro+1.4%
20082.7 bn euro1.9% of GNI–1.2 bn euro0.9% of GNI1.4 bn euro+1.0%
20071.6 bn euro1.3% of GNI–1.1 bn euro0.9% of GNI513 m euro+0.4%
  • Contribution based on gross national income2.0 bn euro
  • Contribution based on VAT403 m euro
  • Customs duties collected for the EU369 m euro
  • Plastic packaging waste levy246 m euro
  • Other items (reductions granted to other states and others)183 m euro
  • Balances and adjustments of earlier years53.1 m euro
  • Total paid3.3 bn euro

EU money in the state's accounts, in lei

What general government paid as own resources (VAT and gross national income) and received from the EU institutions (current transfers and investment grants), from Eurostat. It is not the same quantity as in the Commission's table: the government accounts record on an accrual basis and only what passes through the state's accounts, while the Commission counts the EU budget's payments in the year, including those straight to farmers and other beneficiaries; so in one year either can be the larger.

EU money in the state's accounts by year
YearPaid (own resources)Received, current transfersReceived, investment grantsReceived, total
202514.4 bn lei12.0 bn lei45.1 bn lei57.0 bn lei
202412.4 bn lei7.8 bn lei21.0 bn lei28.8 bn lei
202312.5 bn lei13.5 bn lei41.1 bn lei54.6 bn lei
202211.9 bn lei10.1 bn lei24.6 bn lei34.7 bn lei
202112.1 bn lei6.6 bn lei16.0 bn lei22.6 bn lei
20209.7 bn lei6.3 bn lei11.2 bn lei17.5 bn lei
20198.5 bn lei5.0 bn lei5.1 bn lei10.1 bn lei
20186.8 bn lei5.1 bn lei3.4 bn lei8.5 bn lei
20175.7 bn lei2.7 bn lei4.5 bn lei7.2 bn lei
20165.9 bn lei2.4 bn lei3.1 bn lei5.5 bn lei
20155.7 bn lei4.4 bn lei11.2 bn lei15.6 bn lei
20146.3 bn lei3.2 bn lei8.6 bn lei11.8 bn lei
20136.0 bn lei3.0 bn lei7.4 bn lei10.4 bn lei
20125.3 bn lei3.2 bn lei6.5 bn lei9.7 bn lei
20114.6 bn lei1.8 bn lei4.9 bn lei6.7 bn lei
20104.2 bn lei3.1 bn lei3.2 bn lei6.3 bn lei
20094.5 bn lei1.5 bn lei792 m lei2.3 bn lei
20083.7 bn lei2.1 bn lei0.0 m lei2.1 bn lei
20073.3 bn lei1.7 bn lei0.0 m lei1.7 bn lei
20060.0 m lei1.6 bn lei0.0 m lei1.6 bn lei
20050.0 m lei1.7 bn lei0.0 m lei1.7 bn lei
20040.0 m lei1.6 bn lei0.0 m lei1.6 bn lei
20030.0 m lei827 m lei0.0 m lei827 m lei
20020.0 m lei489 m lei0.0 m lei489 m lei
20010.0 m lei14.5 m lei0.0 m lei14.5 m lei
20000.0 m lei21.4 m lei0.0 m lei21.4 m lei
19990.0 m lei42.5 m lei0.0 m lei42.5 m lei
19980.0 m lei69.5 m lei0.0 m lei69.5 m lei
19970.0 m lei0.0 m lei0.0 m lei0.0 m lei
19960.0 m lei0.0 m lei0.0 m lei0.0 m lei
19950.0 m lei0.0 m lei0.0 m lei0.0 m lei

Until 2006 Romania was not a member: it paid no own resources, and the amounts received then are mainly pre-accession funds.

How to read the figures and where they come from

  • Revenue, expenditure, the balance (the deficit), gross debt and general government's transfers to and from the EU are from Eurostat's national accounts, in millions of lei at current prices. The percentages of GDP are Eurostat's, from the same release as their amounts, and the GDP is the one the budget page uses too (release of 21 Jul 2026). Free reuse with the source named.
  • What the EU spent in Romania and what Romania paid are from the European Commission's table "EU budget spending and revenue", in millions of euro, from 2007, the year of accession. "Received" is the EU budget's spending in the country (the programmes of the multiannual framework and, from 2021, NextGenerationEU grants; the recovery fund's loans are not in the table). "Paid" is the own resources: the contributions based on VAT and on gross national income, the plastic levy, the customs duties Romania collects for the EU (net of the share it keeps as collection cost) and the adjustments of earlier years. The "difference" is received minus paid; customs duties are counted as paid, while the Commission's "operating budgetary balance" leaves them out, so the figures do not equal it.
  • The amounts are in the source's currency and at current prices: they are not adjusted for inflation and not converted between lei and euro. To compare years, use the percentages of GDP or of gross national income.
  • We do not have the monthly cash budget execution, the deficit of the year in progress, the EU payments to beneficiaries (projects, firms, farmers) by locality, or figures before 1995 (Eurostat) or 2007 (the Commission).
  • The state budget's spending by ministry is on the budget page.